Shock-wave processes in gases, liquids, solid bodies and plasmas.
The laboratory works on researching of shock-waves in weakly ionized cluster plasmas.
Based on low-inductance discharge-current complex, plant was created to receive weakly-ionizing ion cluster plasma with adjusting disperse component structure.
Plant and work chamber
Test investigations were carried out in different conditions.
Fastenings for a wire and explosion of a wire from molybdenum
Calculations of structure of a shock-wave in weakly-ionizing ion cluster plasma
Changings of relative concentration of electrons in a zone of advancing nonequilibrium in front of a shock-wave.
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Changings of relative partial temperatures of electrons in a zone of advancing nonequilibrium in front of a shock-wave.
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The basic opportunity of achievement on the given installation of the purposes formulated above is shown.
The structure of a shock wave in in weakly-ionizing ion cluster plasma (with negatively charged clusters) qualitatively differs from structure of a shock wave in this plasma (when positively charged clusters presents):
а) In case of negatively charged clusters, electrons are braked, and their concentration sharply increases in front;
б) In case of positively charged clusters, electrons are accelerated, and their concentration decreases in front.
At electron compression modes can be realized as adiabatic compression, as well as isothermal compression, depending on environment and stream parameters.
Front electrones move practically with speed of distribution of a shock wave, and the wave transfers not only an impulse, energy, but also mass. Distribution character of a wave of compression of electrones reminds a lonely wave - soliton.
On concrete examples influence of an operating time of "hot" electrones in a zone of forward nonequilibrium in front UV for the period of an induction of some chain reactions was investigated.
The opportunity of considerable reductions on one-three orders of time of an induction at expansion of weak shock waves in weakly-ionizing ion cluster plasma is shown in which as gas of the carrier chemically active gas mix is used, for example H2 +O2 or СH4 + O2.
Installation for volumetric-diffusive discharge realization in deuterated microporous liquid.
Plant general view
Working part
Process without discharge
Work of the device in one of modes at voltage V = 600V
Work of the device at voltage V=800V
Principle of plant work:
The physical principle of plant work is based on processing by discharge (V=400-800V) to a microporous liquid (porous electrolit). During work of disharge acoustic and shock waves are created in the microporous environment. Speed of a sound in the microporous environment is defined by this parity:
(P - pressure in microporous liquid, ρ- density of a liquid phase, φ - volumetric gas content, κ - parameter of a polytrope)
Thus speed of a sound can be adjusted in two ways at the set of liquid phase.
The first way - adjustment due to change of pressure in a microporous liquid.
The second - by changing the volumetric gas content. However when we change the volumetric gas content, thickness of shock waves varies also. It is not always acceptably.
So that there was no bubbles intensive crushing at processing by shock waves and there was carried out homogeneous bubbles "reduction", it is necessary, that thickness of a shock wave was much more than characteristic diameter of bubbles. However, isothermal modes can be realized instead of adiabatic which are necessary for receiving the necessary effect. Necessity of reduction of sound speed for the microporous environment is caused by temperature significantly raises when bubbles compress adiabatically. In this case the probability of fusion reactions of light nucleus sharply increases. So we use degassing of microporous liquid as well as adjusting of volumetric gas content.
We place plate from silver near to a working part of a reactor. Beside we place the beta-counter. After work of installation during 0,5 minutes, we disconnect a reactor and within 2 minutes we fix indications of the beta-counter. For comparison, measurements were spent on light and heavy water. Barbotage was made by air cause of lack of heavy hydrogen. At that it was supposed that air is sated with vapor of heavy water cause of acoustic processes during bubble enlargement.
Pumping out in the given experience was not made. Process in a reactor went at pressure P=1 atmosphere, and volumetric gas content φ =40%. Optimum parameters of work of a reactor of the given geometry and design were revealed. The optimal mode in this case was the mode at I=1A. In this case the output of neutrons under indications of the beta-counter approximately twice exceeded background values. And intensity of radiation fell down monotonously. Therefore the explanation of the similar phenomenon by inducing, generated by the category, inconveniently. Moreover, that this inducing was not shown in the lack of heavy water.
Three series of tests were spent. Indications of the beta-counter stably gave value in 1,5-2 exceeding background during the first 30 sec, then the signal monotonously decreased within the limits of statistical disorder. Decrease in efficiency of process at increase in a current in a reactor speaks about its overheat and, accordingly, destruction of a working environment. Therefore at a following stage of work the design of a reactor with system of cooling will be developed.
